2G / 3G switchoff: The effects on Comms Data Analysis

In the UK, mobile networks have been transitioning to newer technologies for years, and the phase-out of 2G and 3G is now underway. The decision to shut down 3G networks was made collectively by major mobile providers like Vodafone, EE, O2, and Three, with a clear goal: to free up bandwidth for faster, more reliable 4G and 5G services.  

Vodafone and EE have already completed their 3G switch-offs in 2024, while O2 and Three aim to do so in 2025. The Government has set a final deadline of 2033 for the phasing out of 2G technology as well. Switching off 2G and 3G in the UK - House of Commons Library 

This process will release valuable spectrum that will be repurposed for the next-generation 4G and 5G technologies, leading to better overall network performance across the UK.  

Whilst this is positive the transition and decommissioning of cells has the potential to impact investigations where communications data analysis is being used as evidence if precautions are not taken. 

What It Means for Customers 

For the majority of customers with newer devices, this transition should have minimal impact, as most smartphones are already equipped to connect to 4G or 5G networks. In fact, the switch-off of 2G and 3G is likely to result in improved call quality, faster downloads, and better streaming experiences. However, if you’re still using older devices that rely on 3G you may face service interruptions, including an inability to access the internet or reduced call quality. 

In addition, devices such as security alarms or payment terminals that use 3G networks may also be affected, and it’s important to check with your device provider for any necessary upgrades. When traveling to countries where 3G networks have already been switched off, roaming services may be impacted as well, particularly if you're using an older phone. Each country has a different timetable for switch-off, for example all the 3G networks have already been switched off in America. 

How Will It Affect Communications Data Analysis? 

The shift away from 3G and 2G will also impact communications data analysis. Telecom regulators, like Ofcom, have highlighted that freeing up spectrum from older networks will expand the capacity of 4G and 5G, improving coverage and reducing "signal dead spots." The availability of more reliable and faster connections will increase the volume and variety of data generated, offering greater insights into user behaviour and communication patterns.  

As 3G cells are decommissioned it is critical Radio Frequency Propagation Surveys (RFPS) are carried out ahead of that happening to capture information about cells that cover a particular location or area and the extent of coverage they provide. Once a 3G cell is decommissioned the opportunity to capture any information regarding it's coverage area is lost. 

To understand more about cell site and communications data analysis or RFPS surveys read our white paper here.